Overview
- substr
- Substring
- Definition
- substring(string, startpos, endpos) returns string
- substr(string, startpos, numChars) returns string
- Description
- Returns a substring of string between starting at startpos and endpos, or starting at startpos of length numChars. The resulting string is truncated if there are fewer than numChars characters beyond the starting point. endpos represents the index after the last character in the substring.
Bash
STR=abcdefg
SUB=${STR:3:2}
echo $SUB
# de
echo ${STR:3}
# defg
STR=abcdefg
echo $STR | cut -c 4-5
# de
echo $STR | cut -c 4-
# defg
C++
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
string str = "abcdefghijk";
string sub1 = str.substr(4,2);
cout << sub1 << endl; // ef
string sub2 = str.substr(6);
cout << sub2 << endl; // ghijk
}
C#
string str = "abcdefghijk";
string sub = str.Substring(4, 2);
// ef
sub = str.Substring(6);
// ghijk
Erlang
string:substr("abc", 2, 1). % returns "b"
string:substr("abc", 2). % returns "bc"
Excel
=MID("hello",1,2)
// he
=MID("hello",1,4)
// hell
=MID("hello",3,2)
// ll
Go
Java
System.out.println( "abcdefghijk".substring(2) ); // "cdefghijk"
System.out.println( "abcdefghijk".substring(3) ); // "defghijk"
System.out.println( "abcdefghijk".substring(11) ); // ""
System.out.println( "abcdefghijk".substring(4, 8) ); // "efgh"
System.out.println( "abcdefghijk".substring(1, 5) ); // "bcde"
JavaScript
console.log( "Hello world!".substr(2,3) ); // llo
var str = "A가★あ中!";
var output = str.substr(2,3);
document.write(output); // ★あ中
console.log( "Hello world!".substring(2,3) ); // l
Lua
print( string.sub("hello, world", 2, 4) )
-- ell
print( string.sub("hello, world", 4) )
-- lo, world
print( string.sub("hello, world", -4) )
-- orld
print( string.sub("hello, world", -4, -3) )
-- or
PHP
echo substr('hello world', 1); // ello world
echo substr('hello world', 3); // lo world
echo substr('hello world', 7, 2); // or
echo substr('hello world', 7, 8); // orld
echo substr('hello world', -1); // d
echo substr('hello world', -2); // ld
echo substr('hello world', -2, 1); // l
echo substr('hello world', -3, 2); // rl
echo substr('hello world', 0, -1); // hello worl
echo substr('hello world', 2, -1); // llo worl
echo substr('hello world', 4, -4); // false
echo substr('hello world', -3, -1); // rl
$str = "A가★あ中!@";
$output = mb_substr($str,2,3,'UTF-8');
echo $output; // ★あ中
function utf8_substr($str, $start, $len=-1) {
if($len==-1)$len = mb_strlen($str, 'UTF-8')-$start;
return mb_substr($str, $start, $len, 'UTF-8');
}
$str = "A가★あ中!@";
$output = utf8_substr($str,2,3);
echo $output; // ★あ中
Perl
print substr 'hello world', 1 . "\n"; # ello world
print substr 'hello world', 3 . "\n"; # lo world
print substr 'hello world', 7, 2 . "\n"; # or
print substr 'hello world', 7, 8 . "\n"; # orld
print substr 'hello world', -1 . "\n"; # d
print substr 'hello world', -2 . "\n"; # ld
print substr 'hello world', -2, 1 . "\n"; # l
print substr 'hello world', -3, 2 . "\n"; # rl
print substr 'hello world', 0, -1 . "\n"; # hello worl
print substr 'hello world', 2, -1 . "\n"; # llo worl
print substr 'hello world', 4, -4 . "\n"; # false
print substr 'hello world', -3, -1 . "\n"; # rl
Python
"abc"[1:2] # returns "b"
"abc"[1:3] # returns "bc"
R
substring("abcdefghijk",5,6)
## [1] "ef"
substr("abcdefghijk",5,6)
## [1] "ef"
substring("abcdefghijk",7)
## [1] "ghijk"
#substr("abcdefghijk",7)
REXX
substr("abc", 2, 1) /* returns "b" */
substr("abc", 2) /* returns "bc" */
substr("abc", 2, 6) /* returns "bc " */
substr("abc", 2, 6, "*") /* returns "bc****" */
SQL
MySQL/MariaDB
SELECT MID( "abcdefghijk", 5, 2 );
SELECT SUBSTR( "abcdefghijk", 5, 2 );
SELECT SUBSTRING( "abcdefghijk", 5, 2 );
# ef
SELECT MID( "abcdefghijk", 7);
SELECT SUBSTR( "abcdefghijk", 7);
SELECT SUBSTRING( "abcdefghijk", 7);
# ghijk
SELECT MID('감사합니다', 1,2);
SELECT SUBSTR('감사합니다', 1,2);
SELECT SUBSTRING('감사합니다', 1,2);
# 감사
같이 보기
References
C++ substr() 문서를 참고하십시오.