방문자 패턴

1 개요

visitor pattern
비지터 패턴, 방문자 패턴

데이터 구조를 돌아다니며 처리하는 구조
알고리즘을 이 패턴을 사용하는 한 객체 구조에서 분리시키는 방법
구조를 수정하지 않고 새로운 동작을 기존 객체 구조에 추가 가능

2 예제

interface CarElementVisitor {
    void visit(Wheel wheel);
    void visit(Engine engine);
    void visit(Body body);
    void visit(Car car);
}
 
interface CarElement {
    void accept(CarElementVisitor visitor); // CarElements have to provide accept().
}
 
class Wheel implements CarElement {
    private String name;
 
    public Wheel(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
 
    public String getName() {
        return this.name;
    }
 
    public void accept(CarElementVisitor visitor) {
        /*
         * accept(CarElementVisitor) in Wheel implements
         * accept(CarElementVisitor) in CarElement, so the call
         * to accept is bound at run time. This can be considered
         * the first dispatch. However, the decision to call
         * visit(Wheel) (as opposed to visit(Engine) etc.) can be
         * made during compile time since 'this' is known at compile
         * time to be a Wheel. Moreover, each implementation of
         * CarElementVisitor implements the visit(Wheel), which is
         * another decision that is made at run time. This can be
         * considered the second dispatch.
         */ 
        visitor.visit(this);
    }
}
 
class Engine implements CarElement {
    public void accept(CarElementVisitor visitor) {
        visitor.visit(this);
    }
}
 
class Body implements CarElement {
    public void accept(CarElementVisitor visitor) {
        visitor.visit(this);
    }
}
 
class Car implements CarElement {
    CarElement[] elements;
 
    public Car() {
        //create new Array of elements
        this.elements = new CarElement[] { new Wheel("front left"), 
            new Wheel("front right"), new Wheel("back left") , 
            new Wheel("back right"), new Body(), new Engine() };
    }
 
    public void accept(CarElementVisitor visitor) {     
        for(CarElement elem : elements) {
            elem.accept(visitor);
        }
        visitor.visit(this);    
    }
}
 
class CarElementPrintVisitor implements CarElementVisitor {
    public void visit(Wheel wheel) {      
        System.out.println("Visiting " + wheel.getName() + " wheel");
    }
 
    public void visit(Engine engine) {
        System.out.println("Visiting engine");
    }
 
    public void visit(Body body) {
        System.out.println("Visiting body");
    }
 
    public void visit(Car car) {      
        System.out.println("Visiting car");
    }
}
 
class CarElementDoVisitor implements CarElementVisitor {
    public void visit(Wheel wheel) {
        System.out.println("Kicking my " + wheel.getName() + " wheel");
    }
 
    public void visit(Engine engine) {
        System.out.println("Starting my engine");
    }
 
    public void visit(Body body) {
        System.out.println("Moving my body");
    }
 
    public void visit(Car car) {
        System.out.println("Starting my car");
    }
}
 
public class VisitorDemo {
    static public void main(String[] args) {
        CarElement car = new Car();
        car.accept(new CarElementPrintVisitor());
        car.accept(new CarElementDoVisitor());
    }
}

실행결과

Visiting front left wheel
Visiting front right wheel
Visiting back left wheel
Visiting back right wheel
Visiting body
Visiting engine
Visiting car
Kicking my front left wheel
Kicking my front right wheel
Kicking my back left wheel
Kicking my back right wheel
Moving my body
Starting my engine
Starting my car

3 같이 보기

4 참고

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visitor_pattern