리눅스 Python 2.7 컴파일 설치

upgrading python to 2.7
파이썬 2.7 업그레이드
파이썬 2.7로 업그레이드
Python 컴파일 설치

1 설치된 버전 확인

[root@jmnote ~]# python -V
Python 2.4.3

2 설치할 버전 확인

http://www.python.org/ftp/python/ 접속하여 원하는 버전이 있는지 확인하자.
필자는 2.x 대의 마지막 버전을 추천한다. (여기서는 2.7.8)

3 다운로드 및 설치

명령어

cd /usr/local/src
wget -N http://www.python.org/ftp/python/2.7.8/Python-2.7.8.tgz
tar xzf Python-2.7.8.tgz
cd Python-2.7.8
./configure
make
make altinstall

실행예시

[root@jmnote ~]# cd /usr/local/src
[root@jmnote src]# wget -N http://www.python.org/ftp/python/2.7.8/Python-2.7.8.tgz
... (생략)
100%[============================================================>] 14,725,931  3.63M/s   in 5.7s    

2014-02-07 13:39:43 (2.47 MB/s) - `Python-2.7.8.tgz` saved [14725931/14725931]

[root@jmnote src]# tar xzf Python-2.7.8.tgz
[root@jmnote src]# cd Python-2.7.8
[root@jmnote Python-2.7.8]# ./configure
checking build system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
checking host system type... x86_64-unknown-linux
... (생략)
creating Modules/Setup
creating Modules/Setup.local
creating Makefile

[root@jmnote Python-2.7.8]# make
gcc -pthread -c -fno-strict-aliasing -g -O2 -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes  -I. -IInclude -I./Include   -DPy_BUILD_CORE -o Modules/python.o ./Modules/python.c
gcc -pthread -c -fno-strict-aliasing -g -O2 -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes  -I. -IInclude -I./Include   -DPy_BUILD_CORE -o Parser/acceler.o Parser/acceler.c
... (생략)
changing mode of build/scripts-2.7/2to3 from 644 to 755
changing mode of build/scripts-2.7/smtpd.py from 644 to 755
/usr/bin/install -c -m 644 ./Tools/gdb/libpython.py python-gdb.py

[root@jmnote Python-2.7.8]# make altinstall
... (생략)
running install_egg_info
Writing /usr/local/lib/python2.7/lib-dynload/Python-2.7.8-py2.7.egg-info
rm /usr/local/lib/python2.7/lib-dynload/_sysconfigdata.py*

4 바꿔치기

[root@jmnote ~]# ll /usr/bin/python*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root    8304 Sep 22  2011 /usr/bin/python
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root       6 Nov  1  2011 /usr/bin/python2 -> python
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root    8304 Sep 22  2011 /usr/bin/python2.4

[root@jmnote Python-2.7.8]# cd
[root@jmnote ~]# /usr/bin/python -V
Python 2.4.3

[root@jmnote ~]# /usr/local/bin/python2.7 -V
Python 2.7.8

구버전은 python_old로 이름을 바꾸고 신버전을 python이라는 이름으로 복사한다.

[root@jmnote ~]# mv /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/python_old
[root@jmnote ~]# cp /usr/local/bin/python2.7 /usr/bin/python
[root@jmnote ~]# python -V
Python 2.7.8

5 (옵션) yum 오류 고치기

yum이 제대로 작동하지 않는다…^[1]

[root@jmnote ~]# yum
There was a problem importing one of the Python modules
required to run yum. The error leading to this problem was:

   No module named yum

Please install a package which provides this module, or
verify that the module is installed correctly.

It's possible that the above module doesn't match the
current version of Python, which is:
2.7.4 (default, Apr 14 2013, 12:44:22) 
[GCC 4.1.2 20080704 (Red Hat 4.1.2-54)]

If you cannot solve this problem yourself, please go to 
the yum faq at:
  http://wiki.linux.duke.edu/YumFaq

다음과 같이 /usr/bin/yum 파일을 수정하자.

[root@jmnote ~]# cp /usr/bin/yum /usr/bin/yum_old
[root@jmnote ~]# sed -i 's/\/usr\/bin\/python/\/usr\/bin\/python2.4/g' /usr/bin/yum
[root@jmnote ~]# diff /usr/bin/yum_old /usr/bin/yum
1c1
< #!/usr/bin/python
---
> #!/usr/bin/python2.4

→ 파일의 1행에 있는 #!/usr/bin/python을 #!/usr/bin/python2.4로 수정하였다...

[root@jmnote ~]# yum
... (생략)
  --samearch-priorities
                        Priority-exclude packages based on name + arch

  Plugin Options:

→ 이제 잘 된다.

6 (원상복구)

예전 버전으로 되돌리고 싶다면 yum에 있는 python으로 재설치하자.
사실 원상복구는 아니다...

기존과 완전히 동일한 버전은 아니지만 yum이 의존성을 잘 맞춰줘서 별 문제 없을 것이다.

[root@jmnote ~]# yum reinstall python
... (생략)
======================================================================================================
 Package               Arch                  Version                     Repository              Size
======================================================================================================
Reinstalling:
 python                x86_64                2.6.6-52.el6                updates                 74 k

Transaction Summary
======================================================================================================
Reinstall     1 Package(s)

Total download size: 74 k
Installed size: 78 k
Is this ok [y/N]: y

... (생략)
Installed:
  python.x86_64 0:2.6.6-52.el6                                                                        

Complete!

[root@jmnote ~]# python -V
Python 2.6.6

7 같이 보기

8 주석

↑ /usr/bin/yum도 파이썬 스크립트임

9 참고 자료

[1] /usr/bin/yum도 파이썬 스크립트임

[1]