함수 substring()

1 Overview

substr

Substring

Definition

substring(string, startpos, endpos) returns string

substr(string, startpos, numChars) returns string

Description

Returns a substring of string between starting at startpos and endpos, or starting at startpos of length numChars. The resulting string is truncated if there are fewer than numChars characters beyond the starting point. endpos represents the index after the last character in the substring.

2 Bash

STR=abcdefg

SUB=${STR:3:2}
echo $SUB
# de

echo ${STR:3}
# defg

STR=abcdefg

echo $STR | cut -c 4-5
# de

echo $STR | cut -c 4-
# defg

3 C#

string str = "abcdefghijk";

string sub = str.Substring(4, 2);
// ef

sub = str.Substring(6);
// ghijk

4 Erlang

string:substr("abc", 2, 1). %  returns "b"
string:substr("abc", 2).    %  returns "bc"

5 Excel

=MID("hello",1,2)
// he
=MID("hello",1,4)
// hell
=MID("hello",3,2)
// ll

6 Java

System.out.println( "abcdefghijk".substring(2) ); // "cdefghijk"
System.out.println( "abcdefghijk".substring(3) ); // "defghijk"
System.out.println( "abcdefghijk".substring(11) ); // ""

System.out.println( "abcdefghijk".substring(4, 8) ); // "efgh"
System.out.println( "abcdefghijk".substring(1, 5) ); // "bcde"

7 JavaScript

console.log( "Hello world!".substr(2,3) ); // llo

var str = "A가★あ中!";
var output = str.substr(2,3);
document.write(output); // ★あ中

console.log( "Hello world!".substring(2,3) ); // l

8 PHP

echo substr('hello world', 1);     // ello world
echo substr('hello world', 3);     // lo world

echo substr('hello world', 7, 2);  // or
echo substr('hello world', 7, 8);  // orld

echo substr('hello world', -1);    // d
echo substr('hello world', -2);    // ld
echo substr('hello world', -2, 1); // l
echo substr('hello world', -3, 2); // rl

echo substr('hello world', 0, -1);  // hello worl
echo substr('hello world', 2, -1);  // llo worl
echo substr('hello world', 4, -4);  // false
echo substr('hello world', -3, -1); // rl

$str = "A가★あ中!@";
$output = mb_substr($str,2,3,'UTF-8');
echo $output; // ★あ中

function utf8_substr($str, $start, $len=-1) {
  if($len==-1)$len = mb_strlen($str, 'UTF-8')-$start;
  return mb_substr($str, $start, $len, 'UTF-8');
}
$str = "A가★あ中!@";
$output = utf8_substr($str,2,3);
echo $output; // ★あ中

9 Python

"abc"[1:2]                 #  returns "b"
"abc"[1:3]                 #  returns "bc"

10 REXX

substr("abc", 2, 1)         /* returns "b"      */
substr("abc", 2)            /* returns "bc"     */
substr("abc", 2, 6)         /* returns "bc    " */
substr("abc", 2, 6, "*")    /* returns "bc****" */

11 SQL

11.1 MySQL

SELECT MID( "abcdefghijk", 5, 2 );
SELECT SUBSTR( "abcdefghijk", 5, 2 );
SELECT SUBSTRING( "abcdefghijk", 5, 2 );
-- ef

SELECT MID( "abcdefghijk", 7);
SELECT SUBSTR( "abcdefghijk", 7);
SELECT SUBSTRING( "abcdefghijk", 7);
-- ghijk

12 See also

• slice
• charAt
• utf8_substr
• Substring_index
• string_length
• cut (bash)
• 함수 substr_after
• 함수 substr_before
• 함수 substr_from
• 함수 substr_until

13 References

• http://eqcode.com/wiki/substring